Why Fast Food is Unhealthy free essay sample

In today’s age of convenience, fast food needs no introduction. Everyone from a two year old to a sixty year old seems to be enjoying it. Why not? It’s delicious, it’s filling, it’s affordable, and available just any time of the day. What more can you ask for when you are living life in the fast lane? Well fast food all good tastes, except that it is not nutritionally balanced and, therefore, unhealthy in the long run if consumed on a regular basis. Even though some people say that eating fast food is healthy because they get certain types of fast food like salads or chicken, it not the real stuff. They make it seem like it is but its not. They also choose fast foods because it is inexpensive than most other food choices. Fast foods contain lots of calories, sugar, sodium and unhealthy fats substances that increase your risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Fast Food is Unhealthy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Increased health risks are directly associated with increased consumption of fast foods. Yet, as prices for fast foods increase the consumption and health risks decrease. Eating healthier foods may reduce your health risks and your costs. (Roizman) On the McDonalds website if you get 1 Big Mac, 1 Double Cheeseburger, 1 Large Fries, and 1 Large Coke you would get 1,770 Calories, 77 grams of fat, 1,430 milligrams of sodium, and 219 grams of Carbs for all about $9 which is not healthy if consumed on the daily basis. (McDonalds) In the short reading by Eric Schlosser Why the Fries Taste Good Fast food increases your weight. Body Mass Index(BMI) is an indicator of body fat that is measured according to your weight and height. The higher your BMI, the higher your risk of obesity and chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, gallstones and cancer. Research by the Department of Economics and Institute for Health Research and Policy in 2009 found the price of fast food is statistically associated with BMI of teenagers, particularly among families in low to middle socioeconomic status. The low cost of fast food influenced weight gain, the report showed. Consuming fast food may increase your risk of type 2 diabetes. Scientists estimate the popularity of type 2 diabetes will increase 300 percent in the United States in the next 40 years, from 10 percent to 33 percent of the population. Research by scientists at the Department of Nutrition at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in 2010 discovered that increasing the price of fast food items by $1, reduced the amount of calorie intake from these foods, decreased weight gain and lowered insulin resistance, risk factors for obesity and type 2 diabetes. The research suggests the US government should consider policies aimed at altering the price of fast foods to steer Americans toward eating healthier foods and reducing the risks of chronic diseases. The total annual health care cost to treat diabetes is estimated at $174 billion. Fast food restaurants use processed foods with high amounts of sodium to flavor your meals. Sodium is a risk factor for high blood pressure and stroke, the third leading cause of death in the United States. Scientists at the University of Michigan predict that the treatment of strokes will cost the United States $2. 2 trillion by 2050 unless Americans change their eating habits and maintain normal blood pressure. Fast food restaurants predominantly serve meals in big portion sizes with higher amounts of calories than you need and contain additive ingredients such as preservatives, flavorings, sweeteners, sodium and colors. Many restaurants are increasing the costs for fast foods with prices as high as $10 per person and over $30 or $40 for a family of four in some locations. Purchasing healthy food ingredients and preparing meals at home can save you money.

Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Essay

To Kill a Mockingbird is about two kids; a brother and sister named Jem and Scout. The book actually has two stories within. The first story, about finding out about the mysterious Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley who they have heard so many rumors about. The second story about a kind, intelligent young, black man who is accused of raping Miss Mayella Ewell. In a way, these two stories are linked; they are linked by Jem and Scout. With a little advice from their father Atticus, they seem to figure out some of life’s most valuable lessons. In Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, the symbolic mockingbird is personified in the characters of Tom Robinson and Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley in the way that these characters enrich the lives of other people and require protection from those who seek to harm them. Tom Robinson displays the characteristics of the mockingbird in that he enriches the lives of others and needs protection from those who seek to harm him. Tom Robinson worked for Mr. Link Deas, who is the opposite of prejudice. He looks past racism and respects Tom’s character very much. Mr. Deas claims that Tom is a good fellow and never gets into trouble. Mr. Robinson lives a moral life. Atticus said, â€Å"He is a member of Calpurnia’s church and Cal knows his family well, she says there clean living folks.†(75) Tom enriches lives in an important way, but this way got him in trouble. Miss Mayella Ewell accuses Tom of rape. She always needs his help with chores around the house and would always call for Tom to help her. He had been doing this for quite a long time and it had never been an issue, until one time when he went to help her. Mr. Bob Ewell walked in and saw Tom in his house being kissed by his daughter and forced Mayella to accuse him of rape . Tom Robinson seeks protection because he is black and accused of rape. The story takes place during the Great Depression and racism was very big problem. This is how T... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Essay Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Essay To Kill a Mockingbird is about two kids; a brother and sister named Jem and Scout. The book actually has two stories within. The first story, about finding out about the mysterious Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley who they have heard so many rumors about. The second story about a kind, intelligent young, black man who is accused of raping Miss Mayella Ewell. In a way, these two stories are linked; they are linked by Jem and Scout. With a little advice from their father Atticus, they seem to figure out some of life’s most valuable lessons. In Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, the symbolic mockingbird is personified in the characters of Tom Robinson and Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley in the way that these characters enrich the lives of other people and require protection from those who seek to harm them. Tom Robinson displays the characteristics of the mockingbird in that he enriches the lives of others and needs protection from those who seek to harm him. Tom Robinson worked for Mr. Link Deas, who is the opposite of prejudice. He looks past racism and respects Tom’s character very much. Mr. Deas claims that Tom is a good fellow and never gets into trouble. Mr. Robinson lives a moral life. Atticus said, â€Å"He is a member of Calpurnia’s church and Cal knows his family well, she says there clean living folks.†(75) Tom enriches lives in an important way, but this way got him in trouble. Miss Mayella Ewell accuses Tom of rape. She always needs his help with chores around the house and would always call for Tom to help her. He had been doing this for quite a long time and it had never been an issue, until one time when he went to help her. Mr. Bob Ewell walked in and saw Tom in his house being kissed by his daughter and forced Mayella to accuse him of rape . Tom Robinson seeks protection because he is black and accused of rape. The story takes place during the Great Depression and racism was very big problem. This is how T...

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Globalization - Essay Example Globalization as a phenomenon requires the imposition of certain types of values and traits which are mostly Western in their orientation. Such outcome therefore results into the diminishing of the local values and thus gradually erodes the local culture and replaces it with more modern Westernize culture. Appiah’s arguments therefore of relatively more important considering the fact that the systematic overhaul of the different social values may further result into discernment for globalization rather than generating a widespread acceptance for it. The universalization of the values under globalization therefore can create significant resistance to the same despite the fact that globalization can actually result into the transfer of economic and technological benefits for the developing countries. (Jameson and Miyoshi). Appiah’s arguments therefore are more critical considering the fact that globalization may adversely affect the local cultures and superimpose other cu ltures on local cultures thus creating so called moral disagreement between developed and developing countries. This moral disagreement therefore can result into the clash of civilization and globalization as a whole may fail to provide the desired results. It is also critical to understand therefore that in order to make globalization a successful process and phenomenon, it is critical to understand that globalization must support or allow local cultures and civilizations to grow with the global culture also. The mismatch between the two may create the critical differences between the nations and cultures and thus forcing globalization to fail to provide the desired results to the less developing countries. Foer’s arguments however, offer a deep and practical aspect of how globalization actually failed to erode the local culture. Considering the example of soccer, Foer presents the argument that the local culture associated with the global game of soccer has not changed over the period of time despite the fact that global clubs such as Manchester United and Real Madrid are considered as global icons being followed across the globe. The critical difference between the arguments of both the authors therefore provides a rare glimpse of the possible and concrete differences between theory and practice. Appiah’s arguments are more theoretical in nature suggesting the normative aspects of globalization and how this may result into the overcoming of the local culture through universalization of culture. Foer on the other hand however, has offered a different opinion regarding the failure of the globalization to actually overcome the local culture in its real settings thus potentially failed to achieve its intended aims. Foer believed that the soccer and the culture associated with it is actually a deep impression of the generations of the individuals who carried forward the tradition from generation to generation. However, soccer is also considered as anti-American because it is perhaps the only non-American trend which is dominating the world and which has remained purged from the increasing power of America and its value systems. In fact Soccer is seen as a threat in America because of its resilience to maintain its local cultural orientation. Western values therefore have failed to dampen the real spirit of soccer despite the fact that the sport as a whole has become more commercialized over the period

Sustainable Development (plan paper) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainable Development (plan paper) - Essay Example During this period, as many as 12 distinct goals and 88 focus areas will be covered to develop sustainable initiatives. The NSDS has received strategic and monetary assistance from the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), which has sought to help in the development of communities ravaged by the Tsunami in 2004 (ADB, 2005). Kenya has also embarked upon a comprehensive sustainable development (SD) plan aimed at protecting the country’s environment and natural resources. The SD plan was developed with the aim of providing relevant education to the masses in a bid to encourage local action. The SD has also gained prominence as Kenya had previously not given importance to tackling the threats affecting the environment and there have been delays on the part of the administration in understanding the link between environment and SD (Adzobu, 2008). The Kenyan SD plan gives primary importance to the protection of the biophysical dimension of the forests while there has been lesse r focus towards improving social and economic factors. The SD plan was developed further into the National Environment Action Plan (NEAP) in 2005, which considered the role of poverty, still a major challenge faced by the country, and the resulting socio-economic pressures on the government’s efforts to protect the nation’s natural resources. The NEAP has noted the importance of capacity building over the coming few years to tackle the various issues posed by technological, economic, social and political deficiencies. The role of education in this scenario has also shifted from a concern towards the physical environment towards popularizing the intricate interplay between human activities and the environment (Wood, 2007). SD is thus being introduced as part of the regular school curriculum and is taught to students belonging to the fifth grade and beyond. The first phase of the NEAP will be implemented up to the year 2010 and will be followed by a thorough performance review prior to the introduction of the subsequent phases (Wood, 2007). The primary similarity between the SD plans of Maldives and Kenya is their extensive focus on protecting the local environment, although several differences and variations exist. The strategy adopted by Maldives is aimed at stimulating local activities such that businesses can develop ecologically sustainable methods, people can reduce their dependence on non-renewable fuels and scarce land can be protected from submersion (Annandale, 2007). The NSDS has also introduced ways to protect the fragile coral reefs around the archipelago as a solution to protect the islands from rising sea levels. On the other hand, the SD plan developed by Kenya is aimed at protecting the country’s natural resources and biodiversity. The plan was developed and promoted by the Kenya Organization for Environmental Education (KOEE) and is thus considered as an internal project (Adzobu, 2008). In contrast, the NSDS of the Maldives has received considerable support from the UNEP through various mediums (ADB, 2005). Additionally, the SD plan is focused towards imparting relevant education within Kenyan schools and is thus a long-term initiative. The impact of the NEAP will thus require some time

Psychology Behind Supreme Court Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology Behind Supreme Court Case - Essay Example was in the business of vending drugs in the school premises. After conducting this search and accruing much incriminating and objectionable evidence in the purse of T.L.O., the vice principal contacted the appropriate authorities and T.L.O. was subsequently arrested by them. T.L.O. sought to suppress the evidence recovered by the school authorities at her trial, claiming that this violated her Fourth Amendment rights pertaining to unreasonable search. The school authorities did say that they had a reasonable reason to conduct this search. Hence T.L.O.’s motion was totally denied by the concerned court and this evidence recovered by the school authorities was declared admissible in the court of law. Following her conviction on the basis of the evidence recovered by school authorities from her purse, T.L.O. appealed against her in the New Jersey Supreme Court, citing the same reason that the search conducted by the school authorities violated her Fourth Amendment Rights (Slobogin 207). The New Jersey Supreme Court concluded that the search was indeed unreasonable and consequently reversed the conviction of T.L.O., setting her free. The state of New Jersey appealed against the reversal of T.L.O.’s conviction in the US Supreme Court. The US Su preme Court ruled in favor of the State of New Jersey, by a resounding margin of 6-3, declaring that the search conducted by the school authorities was valid and thereby the exclusionary principle did not apply to the evidence presented against T.L.O. While delving on the psychology behind this Supreme Case, it does need to be mentioned that the Supreme Court thoroughly considered the claims of all the stakeholders in this particular case. The honorable Court did say that the students in the high school do have the right of privacy against unreasonable search as enshrined in the Fourth Amendment. Yet, the court did acknowledge that when it comes to the constitutional rights of the children and

One of the principle aims of the Children Act

One of the principle aims of the Children Act One of the principle aims of the Children Act 1989 was to ensure that more attention was paid to the child’s voice. Critically examine to extent to which this aim has been achieved. Introduction: Bridgeman and Monk argue that the development of child law is becoming progressively more distinct from family law. In their view this development can be understood as a reflection of the influence of children’s rights and feminist views of the law that have encouraged a child centred focus where children are not simply seen as family persons but as individuals in their own right (Bridgeman and Monk, 2000, p. 1), a point reiterated by Muncie et al. who point to the recognition of rights of children as now being considered as distinct from the rights of the family as a whole (Muncie at al., 2005). The Children Act 1989 which came in to force on 14th October 1991 was heralded as the most important legislation pertaining to children in living memory. Lord Mackay called it: â€Å"the most comprehensive and far reaching form of child law which has come before Parliament in living memory.† Prior to the Act the law relating to children in the UK had been driven by a plethora of different pieces of legislation, leading to considerable complexity and inconsistency. Although European law has come to an increasing level of prominence in domestic law, in practice the Children Act remains the single document most referred to (Prest and Wildblood, 2005, p. 311). The strength and scope of the Act have been reflected by the considerable body of case law that evolved in a relatively short period of time. The Act fulfilled two functions as highlighted by Allen: It brought together all the existing law under the umbrella of one piece of legislation; The Act acknowledged the limits of the law in family relations. While it was seen as a land mark piece of legislation, it did not contain a magic formula to deal with family problems. (Allen, 2005, p.1). The main thrust of the Act was to enable all those involved with the care of children to further their best interests whether living with their families, in local authority care or in respect of protection from abuse. Private and Public Law: The private legislation relating to children’s law does not concern public bodies. It refers to issues that are between individuals, usually family members. The public law relating to children concerns legislation pertaining to intervention by public authorities. This encompasses voluntary agencies as well as social services. The State is typically a party to proceedings. Purpose of the Act: It was also hoped that through the Act children would become more central to proceedings concerning their welfare and would be given a considerably stronger voice. Feminist analysts have questioned the effectiveness of this, arguing that the law is often better at protecting the interests of adults than children. Common Law Before the Act: Historically, in common law parental rights were traditionally with the father in the case of legitimate children. It was not until 1886 that mothers were given guardianship under the Guardianship of Infants Act and the welfare of the child was to be taken into account when hearing any claim. Developments in this area of the law saw an increasingly important regard given to the welfare of the child. This evolved into the modern idea of paramnountcy, enshrined in the 1989 Act. The Law Leading to the Act: Before the Act there were a number of different aspects of children’s law, described by Allen as chaotic in its nature (Allen, 2005, p.3). The law relating to children had evolved in a somewhat haphazard way, and was becoming increasingly difficult for professionals to interpret. In 1984 a comprehensive review was undertaken in an attempt to integrate the law. The White Paper published in 1987, The Law on Child care and Family Services, stated that government proposals would involve â€Å" a major overhaul of child care law intended to provide a clearer and fairer framework for the provision of child care services for families and for the protection of children at risk.†[1] Scope of the Act: The Act covers many areas including pre-school day care, child protection, local authority provision for children, the care of children in independent schools, children involved in divorce or custody proceedings, children with disabilities, child patients in long stay hospitals and children with learning difficulties (Hendrick, 2003, p.196-107). Intrinsic to the legislation were four main principles: (1)The paramountcy principle – this was not really a new idea but added considerable weight to ideas about child welfare, making it clear that this was always to be paramount in any decisions. This guiding principle has, however, been criticised in some quarters because of its vagueness. The child’s welfare is the paramount consideration in respect of: (a)the upbringing of the child; (b) the administration of a child’s property or any income arising from it (s 1 (1)).[2] (2) A checklist was introduced to assist courts in applying the welfare principle when considering certain categories of order. (3)The delay principle which states that proceedings should be expedited with minimum delay as any such delay is regarded as being to the child’s disadvantage unless proven otherwise (s 1 (2))[3]. (4) Intervention by the State in the life of the child or the child’s family should only occur when it could be shown that â€Å"on balance the bringing of proceedings is likely to be in the best interest of children.† This is the no order principle where no order shall be made unless it is considered to be better for the child than making no order at all.[4] Some new concepts were introduced. One of the main ones was â€Å"parental responsibility†. This emphasised the rights of parents in the context of their parental responsibility. If parents exercise their responsibility with the necessary level of diligence, certain rights in law are afforded, in effect promoting parents as authority figures. The Act also saw something of a swing back in emphasis to parents as opposed to the state being responsible for their children. Parents could only relinquish their responsibility to their children through formal, legal adoption. The term â€Å"accommodation† replaced â€Å"voluntary care† meaning, in effect that local authorities would care for children on their parents’ behalf only until such times as they could resume their proper role (Eekelaar and Dingwall, 1989, p.26). Parental Responsibilities: The Children Act gave courts wide ranging and flexible powers to regulate the exercise of parental responsibility, introducing some sweeping changes in this area. The Child’s Wishes: One of the central ideas was that the child’s wishes be taken into consideration, to a degree which was appropriate in any proceedings. The issue has arisen in relation to care proceedings, medical treatment and so on. In the case of local authority accommodation, there is a clear distinction in law between children over and under sixteen years old. The Children Act provides that neither the parental right of objection not the parental right of removal applies where a child of sixteen agrees to being provided with accommodation.[5] This was tested in Re T (Accomodation by Local Authority)[6]. A seventeen year old girl had been informally accommodated by friends, an arrangement which she sought to formalise so that both parties would be eligible for benefits under section 24 of the Act which would stop when she reached age 18 otherwise. The director of social services refused this request taking the view that her welfare was not likely to be seriously prejudiced if she were not accommodated. This decision was quashed at court, the judge taking the view that social services had no way of ascertaining her future needs and there was no way of establishing whether the local authority would continue to exert the discretionary power it had done up to this point. The issue of the child’s wishes is a much more contentious area when younger children are involved. Some very emotive case law, particularly in respect of medical arrangements and treatments, has developed in this area. The child’s age should be taken into consideration when making any decision, but this is dependent on the individual child concerned . It is well recognised that children have the capacity to engage in acts and make decisions which can be dependent on chronological age or the attainment of a level of maturity beyond the chronological age. Precedent concerning a child’s age was first established in the land mark case of Gillick v. West Norfolk and Wisbech Health Authority[7]. The Gillick Case: In 1980 The Department of Health and Social Security asserted that, while it would be most unusual, it would be lawful in some circumstances for a doctor to give contraceptive advice to a girl under sixteen without prior consultation with her parents. Victoria Gillick, a parent with strongly held religious views, sought assurances that none of her daughters would receive such advice. Her claim was eventually rejected by the House of Lords, the decision coming to be known as ‘Gillick competence’. Lord Scarman proposed that a high level of understanding would be required, extending beyond the medical issues. Lord Scarman noted: â€Å"It is not enough that she should understand the nature of the advice which she is being given: she must have sufficient maturity to understand what is involved.† Critical was the question in respect of whether, once a child has reached a certain level of maturity, whether in chronological or maturational terms, the rights of the patents to be involved, should be terminated or should co-exist with the child’s. The Gillick decision was contrary to popular opinion and controversial. When faced with the dilemma of Gillick competence again, the courts adopted a somewhat different view. Later case law served to muddy the waters and adolescents were not given clear advice over their right to reach decisions for themselves in the event of family disputes or other issues. Re R[8] concerned the competence of adolescents to refuse medical treatment. R was a fifteen year old girl who had been suffering from mental illness which had caused her to be hospitalised under the Mental Health Act. At various times during the course of her treatment she was regarded as being a suicide risk. The unit in which she was hospitalised used sedatives as a last resort as part of the treatment regime. The hospital said that they would not retain R in hospital unless she were prepared to engage in treatment, including taking sedatives. They put this to the local authority who had parental responsibility for R. The local authority initially agreed to the hospital’s request but, following conversation between R. and a social worker, withdrew its consent. R indicated to the social worker that the hospital were trying to give her drugs which she neither wanted nor needed. The social worker’s opinion was that R. was lucid and rational during the conversation, an assessment subsequently confirmed by psychiatric evaluation. The authority made R. a ward of court to resolve the argument. This is demonstrative of the responsibility to make the child’s voice heard, through the consultation process, a responsibility placed on local authorities by the Act. The solicitor acting as guardian ad litem argued that, where a child has capacity to withhold consent to treatment based on sufficient understanding, any parental right to give or withdraw consent terminated. Lord Donaldson reopened the whole discussion in respect of the relationship between a competent minor’s capacity and a parent’s right to consent on a minor’s behalf. The Court of Appeal upheld the decision of Waite J., that R. failed the test of competence and that, in her best interests, the treatment should be authorised. The most significant issue was whether the court had the power to over rule the decision of a competent minor. The court held that such an ability existed because the Gillick principles did not have effect in wardship proceedings. It was argued that the court had wider powers than those of normal parents, being derived from the Crown. The court saw no reason not to override the wishes of a competent minor if it believed that to be in the child’s best interests. The judgement demonstrated that the application of the ‘welfare’ and the ‘Gillick’ tests could lead to different results. The court’s power to override the decision of a minor were again illustrated in Re M. (Medical Treatment : Consent)[9]. A fifteen year old girl needed a heart transplant to save her life but refused to give her consent. Her reasoning was that she did not want to have some one else’s heart and did not want to have to take medication for the rest of her life. In the solicitors notes taken at interview, it could be clearly seen that she had considered carefully her decision: â€Å"Death is final – I know I can’t change my mind. I don’t want to die but I would rather die than have the transplant and have someone else’s heart, I would rather die with fifteen years of my own heart.† While acknowledging the gravity of overriding M.’s decision, and the associated health risks, the operation was authorised. Children in Court: English law has not traditionally given minors right of representation in legal proceedings, but this was one of the main issues that the Children Act 1989 sought to address. The usual procedure has been for courts to require welfare reports in respect of children rather than to elicit the views of children themselves or of other interested parties or representatives. The Children Act considerably changed that nature of representation for children in public proceedings in court. In care proceedings the Act created the presumption of the appointment of a guardian ad litem (Children’s guardian). The child will also automatically be party to the proceedings. Children’s guardians are individuals who are required to have a thorough knowledge of both social work and child law. Their role is to ensure ‘that the court is fully informed of the relevant facts which relate to the child’s welfare and that the wishes and feelings of the child are clearly established.[10] Their role is to be proactive in its nature and ensure that the wishes of the child are given their due weight in the proceedings. The issue in respect of private law is markedly different with children rarely being represented in this context. These are generally in relation to divorce and while welfare reports are submitted on occasion, this is not often the case, simply because of the volume of these types of proceedings. Harm to children: One of the main purposes of the Children Act was to ensure that children be protected from harm. Newham London Borough Council v. AG[11]. reflects the difficult choice with which the courts are often faced regarding whether it is better for a child to stay with members of his/ her extended family or other, outside carers. In Newham the Court of Appeal held that placing the child with grandparents would be unsatisfactory as they would be unable to protect the child from the serious risk that was posed by the child’s mother who suffered from severe schizophrenia which manifested itself in her inability to look after the child and to neglect her. The test case for the risk of significant harm is Re M. (A minor)(Care Order: Threshold Conditions).[12] A father had murdered the children’s mother in front of them, after which they were taken into emergency protection. The father was convicted of the mother’s murder and was sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommendation that he be deported to Nigeria, his home country, on release. Three of the four children were placed with Mrs W., the mother’s cousin, but she felt unable to cope with the youngest child, M. who was placed with a temporary foster mother. Eventually Mrs W. wanted to offer M. a home with his siblings. The father sought to influence the decision from prison, as he was M.’s biological father. The local authority, the guardian ad litem for M., and the father all wanted a care order to be made for M. outside the extended birth family. Bracewell J. made the care order in the first instance but the Court of Appeal favoured Mrs W., substituting a care order in her favour. The question for the courts was whether, in considering if a child ‘is suffering from significant harm’, is it permissible to consider the situation when protective measures were introduced, or does this test have to be satisfied at the time of the hearing at which the application is being considered. At the time of the hearing M. was no longer suffering, nor was he likely to suffer ‘significant harm because, by this time, he was being properly looked after and the danger had passed. The House of Lords held that there was jurisdiction to make a care order in these circumstances. Lord Mackay argued that the court was entitled to have regard to the full length from the protection to the disposal of the case. Brackwell had been entitled to, and indeed correct, to look back to the time when the emergency protection was taken. She had been entitled to infer that, at that time, M. had been permanently deprived of the love and care of his mother which constituted significant harm. The care given by the father was not what could reasonably have been expected from a parent, although it could reasonably be argued that the anger and violence was directed to the mother rather than M. The only limitation in the process of looking back was that the initial protective arrangements had remained continuously in place. Lords Templeman and Nolan pointed out that to restrict evidence to that which was available at the hearing could mean that any temporary measures which removed the risk could preclude the court from making a final care order which could not have been Parliament’s intention. Separated Families: Contact: A great deal of case law relates to families where divorce or separation is a factor. Section 8 of the Act deals with the contact order: â€Å"an order requiring the person with whom a child lives, or is to live, to allow the child to visit or stay with the person named in the order, or for that person and the child otherwise to have contact with each other.†[13] The contact order has become very important in the sphere of children’s law as it is the most common type of order made. Men, who tend not to be the residential parent in cases of divorce, are increasingly applying for contact orders with their children. Payne v. Payne is one of the leading cases in respect of contact. The mother, originally from New Zealand wanted to return there with the couple’s four year old child following her divorce. Mr Payne argued that, to allow the mother to remove the child from the country, would infringe his right to contact, and that this infringement would be contrary to the principles of the Children Act 1989. The Court of Appeal argued that the child’s happiness was bound up in the happiness of the mother , the primary carer, and any move to separate them might be that her â€Å"unhappiness, sense of isolation and depression would be exacerbated to a degree that could well be damaging to the child.† The judgement in Payne v. Payne was not a denial that the father had a right to contact. It was a demonstration of the application of the welfare principle, protecting the best interests of the child which were, in the courts opinion, inextricably linked to the mother. The decision makes clear that contact is a qualified right which will always be superseded by the welfare of the child. Paternity: The paramountcy principle has been criticised as being too limited in its scope. Where the issue of paternity has come before the courts it has been held that this only has an indirect impact upon the child’s upbringing and so falls outside the scope of the test. Freeman has argued that since maternity is rarely in doubt, this stance in respect of paternity allows men to shirk to some degree their paternity in the English Legal system (Freeman, 2000, p.33). Foster Parents: While the law relating to children has always had scope in respect of biological families, this is clearly extended to foster parents by the Children Act. The term ‘foster parents’ covers a variety of care arrangements, but is most usually thought of as parents who look after children to whom they are not related. The main distinctions in foster care arrangements are in private or local authority arrangements and short and long term fostering arrangements. Arrangements and case law have shown that foster carers will not automatically be afforded parental responsibility, legal steps must be taken before this can happen. In Gloucestershire County Council v. P[14] the child’s guardian ad litem persuaded the court that a residence order in favour of the foster parents, rather than an order freeing the child for adoption or residence order in favour of the extended family, would be appropriate. A majority of the Court of Appeal held that the Court did, in fact, have the power to do this even though the foster parents had cared for the child for less than three years. More than one child: Problems with the paramountcy principle have occurred when there is more than one child and their interests appear to be at odds. In Birmingham CC v. H[15] the case concerned a mother, herself a minor, and her child. It was believed to be in the mother’s best interests to maintain some contact with her baby as she may self harm otherwise. It was not held to be in the best interests of her baby. The law said that the interests of both was paramount. The House of Lords held that it was necessary to identify the child who was the subject of the application and make their welfare paramount, in this case the baby. This logic has been applied in subsequent cases on this matter when the interests of siblings have been thought to be in conflict. Conclusion: It is generally agreed that the Children Act represents a consensus among interested parties, except of course for children, who were not consulted (Hendrick, 2003, p.198). The concept of welfare or best interests of children reflects a desire to protect children. Some theorists have argued that because the input of children into changes in the law has been neglected, the law may be ineffective in protecting them from harm which may be very different from the harm and pain felt by adults (Bridgeman and Monk, 2000, p.7). Some aspects of the Act have been problematic. The paramountcy principle has been very difficult in both a practical and an ethical respect. There is considerable tension between a child’s welfare and a child’s voice. The weight of the law is given to the former but many argue that the child’s opinion and wishes should carry more weight than they do at the moment. There are also, as has been seen, questions concerning when the child’s wishes should supersede those of his/ her parents and be respected as valid in their own right. The law in relation to children has seen more change in recent years but the Children Act still has considerable force in practice. While there has been increasing emphasis placed on children’s individualism, autonomy, capacity and competence (Hallett, 2000, p.389), it has been seen that it is often the case that no matter how lucid or mature a child appears to be, the courts have been reluctant to allow the child to have a full voice in issues of a serious and life changing nature. The complex nature of families and their increasingly diverse nature in society means that these difficult issues will probably become more, rather than less complex in their nature and present themselves with a greater degree of frequency. References: Allen, N. (2005) Making Sense of the Children Act 1989. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. Bainham, A. (1990) Children : The New Law. Bristol: Jordan Publishing Ltd. Bainham, A. (2005) Children: The Modern Law. Bristol: Jordan Publishing Ltd. Bainham, A., Day-Sclater, S. Richards, M. (Eds)(1999) What is a Parent? A Socio-Legal Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bridgeman, J. Monk, D. (2000) Reflection on the relationship between feminism and child law in J. Bridgeman D. Monk (Eds) Feminist Perspective on Child Law. London: Cavendish Publishing. Corby, B. (2002) Child Abuse and Child Protection in B. Goldson, M. Lavalette and E. McKenchie (Eds) Children, Welfare and the State. London: Sage. Eekelaar, J. (1991) Parental Responsibility: State of nature or nature of state? Journal of Welfare and Family Law, 1, 37-50. Eekelaar, J. and Dingwall, R. (1989) The Reform of Child Care Law: A practical Guide to the Children Act. London: Routledge. Farson, R. (1978) Birthrights. London: Penguin. Fortin, J. (2003) Children’s Rights and the Developing Law. London: Reed Elsevier. Freeman, M. (2000) Feminism and Child Law in J. Bridgeman D. Monk (Eds) Feminist Perspective on Child Law. London: Cavendish Publishing. Gibson, C., Grice, J., James, R. Mulholland, S. (2001) The Children Act Explained. London: The Stationery Office. Hallett, C. (2000) Children’s Rights: Child Abuse Review, 9, 389-393. Harris, P.M. Scanlan, D.E. (1991) Children Act 1989: A Procedural Handbook. London: Butterworths. Hendrick, H. (2003) Child Welfare: Historical Dimensions, Contemporary Debate. Bristol. The Policy Press. Herring, J. (2004) Family Law. London: Pearson. Hoggett, B.M. (1987) Parents and Children: The Law of Parental Responsibility. London: Sweet and Maxwell. Horwarth, J. (Ed)(2001) The Child’s World: Assessing Children in Need. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Masson, J. (1990) The Children Act 1989: Current Law Statutes Annotated. London: Sweet and Maxwell. Muncie, J. Wetherall, M., Dallos, R. Cochrane, A. (Eds)(1995) Understanding the Family. London: Sage. Prest, C. Wildblood, S. (2005) Children Law: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Bristol: Jordan Publishing Ltd. White, R., Carr, P. Lowe, N. (1995) The Children Act in Practice. London: Butterworths. Wyld, N. (2000) The Human Rights Act and the Law Relating to Children. Legal Action, September, 17-18. 1 Footnotes [1] Family Law: Review of Child Law (Law Com No. 172, 1988), para 2.4. [2] There are some exceptions to the paramountcy rule. [3] The delay principle is a general principle not an absolute one. There are circumstances in which a planned and purposeful delay may be in the child’s interests. [4] This is consistent with the main philosophy that there should be minimum intervention in family life and that parents should exercise responsibility for their children. [5] Section 20 (11). [6] [1995] 1 FLR 159. [7] [1986] AC 112. [8] Re R (A Minor) (Wardship: Consent to Treatment) [1992] Fam 11. [9] Re M (Medical Treatment: Consent) [1999] 2 FLR 1097. [10] Children Act Advisory Committee Annual Report 1992/1993 (Lord Chancellor’s Department, 1993) at p.14. [11] Newhan Borough Council v. AG [1993] 1 FLR 281. [12] RE M (A minor)( Care Order: Threshold Conditions) [1994] 3 WLR 558. [13] Section 8 (1). [14] Gloucestershire County Council v. P [1999] 2 FLR 61. [15] [1994] 1 FLR 224.

Shakespeare in Love :: English Literature Essays

Shakespeare in Love How true is my love? William Shakespeare creates the readers world of wonder. His own marriage was a world of wonder. Shakespeare’s wife was young and beautiful. Her name was Anne Hathaway. She was eight years older than Shakespeare. Shakespeare was eighteen when he married Anne. They were joined in a â€Å"hand fast marriage.† This is a contract to marry before witnesses, marked by a kiss and a ring. It is followed by sexual intercourse forming a binding marriage. Romeo and Juliet had a delightful marriage. Shakespeare wrote about happy marriages. Romeo loved Juliet so much that he was willing to die for her. He never did her any wrong and cherished her love. Shakespeare is a woman worshiper. In Elizabeth I, Viola is a young witty girl who dresses as a man to work with Shakespeare. Viola falls in love with him. Viola is portrayed as vibrant and bright. Accusations of Shakespeare’s affairs are published in the novel, No Bed for Bacon. Shakespeare was said to write about love from his own experience. A Midsummer Night’s dream describes love the best. Is love predictable? Hermia and Lysander, in a Midsummer Night’s dream, have an altered love. Hermia’s father chose whom she would love, but Hermia already loves Lysander. She elopes with her love. Then a spell is cast upon her to fall in love with Helena, her fathers best friend. Love is so strong Hermia can’t be forced to love someone besides Lysander, there is a spell. Shakespeare portrays love to be the strongest emotion. It is said that love was the reason he stayed with Anne even though she was so far away. Romeo and Juliet were not supposed to love each other because of family quarrels. They felt so strongly toward each other that they refused to let anything get in the way of their love. Romeo and Juliet are a tragedy. The love they shared brought them to death. Romeo and Juliet tried to be together. They married without telling their family. Juliet’s father had a plan for her to marry someone he favored. Juliet refused, her father insisted, so Juliet faked her death. Romeo was supposed to get a letter telling of the plan. The letter was not received. Romeo found Juliet, supposedly dead, he killed himself at her side. Juliet awakened to her lover dead and committed suicide. Is love this strong?

The Humble Beginnings of Internet Discovery

The year is 1957 and the USSR has just launched the first artificial earth satellite. In response America launches the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DOD) to create America†s lead in science and technology. The Internet had its humble beginnings here, The Internet has become one of the key symbols of today†s pop culture: everything has a â€Å"dot com† address; people do not say â€Å"call me,† but instead its â€Å"I†ll E-mail you;† and the new word on the stock market is â€Å"E-business. The Internet has not always been such a key figure in American life; in fact it was The theory for the Internet first started being published in 1961 with Leonard Kleinrock†s document on packet-switching theory, â€Å"Information Flow in Large Communication Net. † This document presented the theory behind the first problem of the Internet, and how to solve it1. The problem was this: when a large document is sent then pieces of it become lost in transfer and the entire document has to be resent, but then different pieces are missing from the new copy of the document. This is a major problem and the obvious solution is to â€Å"chop† the information up into smaller pieces and then transmit the smaller ieces2. Then another problem was realized, how does the computer know where to put these small bits of information? The solution to that was what has come to be known as packet-switching (PS). In PS, the entire document is sent in a bunch of tiny â€Å"packets,† these packets contain the information of the document â€Å"wrapped† in its placement on the page. The receiving computer then sends a message back to the transmitting computer telling it which packets were corrupted or missing and the transmitting computer then re-sends the lost The next problem that the Internet faced was first discovered at the ARPA†s networking project, ARPAnet. Since it was militarily connected, the leaders of ARPAnet wanted a way that information could be moved between two computers without requiring a direct connection in case the direct link between two computers failed (was destroyed). The way that the ARPAnet project dealt with this was by having the network bounce the information around without it taking a direct path to the receiving computer4. The result of this was that almost no two packets will travel the same path and there will always be a The final problem that ARPAnet came across was the fact that most omputers did not run exactly the same hardware or software as another. Their solution to this was to build smaller computers (called Interface Message Processors or IMPs) that were in direct contact with the main computer and also in connection with the other IMPs on the network. All of the IMPs were built to the same specifications so that one could easily communicate with the other5. In 1968 all three of these developments were put into action when ARPA sent out proposals and requests for contractors. Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Inc. (BBN) were awarded the contract to build the IMPs, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) was awarded the Network Measurement Center contract, and the Network Working Group (NWG) was formed to develop host protocols for the soon to be developed ARPAnet. Nodes are set up as soon as BBN builds the IMP for that location. The first node was at UCLA and installed on August 30, 1969. It was the Network Measurement center and ran on the SDS SIGMA7 operating system. The second node was setup on October 1, 1969, at Stanford Research Institute. It was the Network Information Center (NIC) and ran on the SDS940/Genie operating system. Node three was installed November 1, 1969, at University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). It served as the mathematical engine for the network and ran on the IBM 360/75 operating system. The fourth, and final, node of the ARPAnet was put at University of Utah in December. This computer ran the graphics for the ARPAnet, and ran on the DEC PDP-10 operating system6. The connecting of these different operating systems and computers showed that the idea behind the IMPs really worked. On October 29 the first packets were sent by Charley Kline at UCLA as he tried logging into SRI. The system crashed as the letter â€Å"G† of â€Å"LOGIN† was being The ARPAnet was a far cry from the Internet of today: there was no e-mail, no web pages, and no AOL. This began to change in the 1970†³s. The first step was the cross-country link between UCLA and BBN. As a result of this, fifteen nodes (twenty-three hosts) were connected to the ARPAnet. BBN also developed a cheaper IMP, and a new IMP that supports up to sixty-four hosts, instead of the old four hosts. Then Ray Tomlinson developed an E-mail program for the ARPAnet, and in the following year, Larry Roberts wrote an E-mail management program that allows people to selectively read, file, forward, and respond to messages. Quickly after that development the first computer-computer chat occurs and is demonstrated at the International Convention on Computer Communications. Then the first international links to ARPAnet are installed in the United Kingdom and Norway. In 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish â€Å"A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection† that outlined, in detail, a design of a Transmission Control Program (TCP)7. During the same year, BBN opened Telnet, the first public packet data service (a commercial version of ARPAnet). Vint Cerf also draws the ideas for gateway architecture on the back of an envelope in a hotel lobby. Three years later his ideas are employed as BBN provides the gateways for the first true Internet (one that uses Internet protocol, which was then a part of TCP). Shortly after that, in 1978, TCP is split up into TCP/IP (Transmission Control In 1979 there was a new development in the ARPAnet with the addition of the Packet Radio Network (PRNET). To conduct experiments of the PRNET computers were literally loaded up in vans and driven around until they could not communicate. Also, on April 12, Kevin MacKenzie sends out a message suggesting the use of emotions (such as â€Å":)† for happy) and is heckled by most f the people he sends an E-mail to. None of these folks had any idea that it would become the huge phenomenon it is today. Later on, in 1982, the Internet begins to become a reality when Norway leaves ARPAnet and connects using a TCP/IP connection over the SATNET (Satellite Network), and ARPA finally designated TCP/IP as the protocol suite for ARPAnet and the term â€Å"Internet† is born. Now the entire world is open for communication by the connecting of the specific countries networks to those of the SATNET. Then, in 1985, Symbolics. com becomes the first registered domain name, and NetNorth is connected to provide Canada with coast-to-coast onnectivity one hundred years to the day after the last spike for the November 2, 1988, the day the net stood still. Robert Morris Jr. , son of NSA chief scientist Robert Morris Sr. , sent out what will forever be known as the â€Å"Morris Worm. † The Morris Worm clogged up about ten percent of the Internet–a small amount, but enough to crash the Internet and land Mr. Morris (Jr. ) a hefty fine and prison time. Earlier in that year, Internet Relay Chat was developed; something that has become one of the key factors in Internet usage In the ten years since the Morris Worm the Internet has gone mainstream. After the ARPAnet ceased, the Internet had an explosion in usage and has become the giant that Americans know today. It has transformed from its humble beginnings, when it crashed on the first attempted remote LOGIN, into an economy driving, pop culture staple. Few people have heard of men such as Leonard Kleinrock, but none can say he has not contributed to America today. So, when you think about the Cold War, think about Sputnik and the Internet it Hafner, Katie; Lyon, Matthew. Where Wizards Stay up Late: The Origins of the Kristula, David. â€Å"The History of the Internet. â€Å"

Research Submission essayEssay Writing Service

Research Submission essayEssay Writing Service Research Submission essay Research Submission essayThis paper provides a report of the key findings of the interview of two people aged 70 years old. The interview was focused on the experiences of two people as senior U.S. citizens. Mr. Brown (70) and Mrs. Smith (70) are two elderly citizens of the U.S. They were interviewed with the major goal – to assess the effectiveness of the retirement program and learn more about the experiences and impression of the interviewees. Both Mr. Brown and Mrs. Smith are satisfied with the retirement program, which provides considerable benefits to elderly people living in the U.S., although their retirement incomes are different.Before retirement Mr. Brown and Mrs. Smith did different types of work: Mr. Brown was a professor at the university, while Mrs. Smith was an elementary teacher. The retirement income of Mr. Brown meets his current and future needs. He receives the annual medial income of $23,000. The retirement income of Mrs. Smith does not meet her current and future needs. She receives the annual medial income of $12,000. These facts mean that gender and position of retirees influence the annual retirement income. Females in lower positons have lower income than males who held higher positions in the same field (Dorfman 8).Moreover, both Mr. Brown and Mrs. Smith are concerned about their general health. Both of them have Medicare insurance, specially developed for elderly people. This type of medical insurance is adequate for their care, as the Medicare Program provides several parts to address the needs of elderly patients, including a Medicare part (coverage of hospital bills), Medicare Part B (medical insurance coverage), and Medicare Part D (coverage of prescription drugs) (Hoffmann 24). Both Mr. Brown and Mrs. Smith are satisfied with the services provided by health care professionals.In conclusion, it is necessary to say that both interviewees contributed to the U.S. development as they held valuable positions in the field of e ducation. However, their retirement incomes are different. As a result, they have different opportunities in meeting current and future needs.

How to Become a Physical Therapist

How to Become a Physical Therapist after an illness, accident, or surgery, physical therapists are the healthcare professionals who help patients (literally!) get back on their feet. they serve an essential role in recovery and ongoing care. here is some information on how to become a physical therapist as well as additional information you need to know. the day-to-dayphysical therapists (or pts) work with patients or clients to help restore/improve mobility, develop fitness, relieve pain, and come up with short- and long-term exercise plans.their duties may include:working with doctors and other healthcare professionalsreviewing patient historiestesting strength, range of motion, balance, coordination, posture, muscle performance, respiration, and motor functiondiagnose physical problemsdevelop a care plan that incorporates physical exercisesevaluate patients over a period of timedetermine when patients can return to normal routinespts typically work a standard 40-hour week, but that can include evenings and weekends , depending on the setting. physical therapists can be found in many different healthcare settings, including hospitals, private clinics, schools, sports and fitness facilities, nursing homes, and health agencies.also, physical therapists should be in decent shape themselves- this is a role that requires physically demanding activities like stooping, sitting, standing for long periods of time, and lifting equipment (or even patients, if the need arises).for more on what it’s like to be a physical therapist, check out the following video.physical therapist: a day in the lifehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ykelsxlreuyou can also read testimonials from physical therapists about why they went into the field, via the american physical therapy association’s â€Å"defining moment† column.the requirementsin addition to completing an accredited physical therapy program (typically four years), candidates need to pass a national exam and meet their state’s licensin g requirements. for more information on the exam and the pt licensing process in general, visit the federation of state boards of physical therapy.the paythe median salary for physical therapists is $82,390 per year, or $39.61 per hour, per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.  the outlookpossibly fueled by the aging baby boomer population, the need for physical therapists is expected to surge by an amazing 34% by 2024. physical therapy was also ranked as one of the â€Å"top 10 happiest jobs† by forbes.interested? apply here

Text Analyse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Text Analyse - Assignment Example The teacher should point out the sentences that were missing subject and verbs in addition to the wrong use of modals. In order for Jessica to practice models in her conversation she would need to listen to her conversation and write down the sentences that were pointed out by her counterpart or her instructor. She would note her mistakes then verbally speak out the corrected sentences a number of times as to practice the correct use of these sentences. The use of the future form is incorrect as it should not be used because of the presence of the adverb of frequency "always." Present simple tense was used in the same sentence with future tense concerning the same event. Jessica needs to get instruction in the use of future and present tenses. This must be followed by practical exercise of the use of both tense which can be accomplished by distinguishing between future and present tenses in the form of questions. Practical exercises should consist of different verbs put in different tenses in the middle of various sentences. She must be able to distinguish between when she should use the future tense and when she must not. Jessica needs to learn about the different hypothetical forms that are used in English. She must learn the correct grammatical and formation of "if" and "when" conditional sentences. She must also practice the use of these hypothetical forms as to naturally start to include in her conversations and thus better convey her ideas. To teach Jessica, she must theoretically be familiar with the correct hypothetical forms and she must practice their use. Theoretically she must be introduced to the correct grammatical use of hypothetical forms and then introduced to a number of examples with correct hypothetical forms. She later must practice to speak out and loudly talk using sentences with hypothetical forms as to familiarize her self and improve her conversation skills.

Event Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Event Management - Assignment Example The purpose of fundraising is usually organized by an individual or a social organization for non-profit purposes. However, fundraising is also used to obtain funds from potential entities that are capable of investing money in the interests of an organization typically for financing some strategic operation in which case, the practice of fundraising indicates towards a for-profit motive. There are a number of ways in which fundraising is usually organized. The first and the foremost among them is by way of an annual endowment that is usually received from either a governmental agency or a financial institution. Such an endowment is usually given on a periodic basis whenever the beneficiary has invested money on a prior basis so as to entitle it to receive such a periodic financial return. This form of fundraising is usually adopted by non-profit organizations in order to ensure a periodic flow of income that helps the organizations to perform its yearly activities (L. Peter Edles, 2006). There is also another form of fundraising, which is different fr... For example, a non-profit entity may sell devotional books in order to generate the necessary funds. It is also not uncommon to see banners in stores which say that a part of the proceeds would go towards the benefit of war veterans. This not only helps boost sales, but ensures that the intended target audience benefits in the end. There is also another form of fundraising wherein the organization that is to receive funds, does not receive it in the form of monetary funds, but rather some gifts are donated to it, in which case it is known as an 'In-kind gift'. The practice of fundraising is nowadays being vigorously being carried out over the internet too. Thus, it can be seen that the fundraising is carried out for a number of purposes by a number of entities for both profit and non-profit purposes (Adrian Sargeant and Elaine Jay, 2004). SPONSORS The concept of sponsorship is another important aspect of event management, wherein it is concerned with receiving financial and other forms of support from an individual or an organization in order to organize an event. Apart from supporting events, sponsorship is also utilized for supporting individuals as well as organizations that are in need of funds and are themselves unable to generate it on their own. Under sponsorship, the individual or organizations that arranges for providing the required assistance is referred to as a 'Sponsor'. Therefore, a sponsor would either have the necessary financial backing or the requisite capability to provide support such as personnel, infrastructure etc. or a combination of both. Unlike a fundraiser, a sponsorship is an activity that is intended to benefit both the Sponsor as well as the entity that receives the funds from the